Galtung, Fredrik. 1997. "Frameworks for Sustainable Anti-Corruption Control." Mimeo. Cambridge University, May.

Geddes, Barbara and Artur Ribeiro Neto. 1992. "Institutional Sources of Corruption in Brazil." Third World Quarterly 13 (4): 641-661.

This article discusses the apparent increase of corruption that occurred in Brazil after its democratic transition under the Collar Administration. It identifies the paradoxical roots of corruption in changes in electoral rules and the constitution at a time when controls were being relaxed. Government officials were able to extract revenues for personal use because the rules over their actions were not enforced.

German, M. Peter.2000. "To Bribe or Not To Bribe - a less than ethical dilemma, resolved"

Bribery of public officers has been an offence under Canada's criminal law, since its codification in 1892. This article examines the background to the legislation, its provisions, its strengths and its weaknesses. The legislation will have an effect on how Canadians and Canadian corporations carry on business abroad. For that reason alone, an understanding of the legislation is of the utmost importance, the article argues.

Gillespie, Kate and Gwenn Okruhlik. 1991. "The Political Dimensions of Corruption Cleanups: A Framework for Analysis." Comparative Politics (October): 77-95.

This article provides a conceptual framework to analyze anti-corruption campaigns within governments and across states. It explores the political variables involved in anti-corruption campaigns and is useful for understanding the politics of reducing official venality.

Global Coalition for Africa. 1997. "Corruption: The Botswana Experience." Washington: Global Coalition for Africa.

This paper chronicles. Botswana's response to corruption leading to the passage of the Corruption and Economic Crime Act and Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime.

Glynn, Patrick, Stephen J. Kobrin, and Moisйs Naim. 1997. "The Globalization of Corruption." In Corruption and the Global Economy, 7-27. Edited by Kimberly Ann Elliot. Washington: the Institute for International Economics.

This chapter argues that an international backlash against corruption has been manifest in the outcry among governments and international non-governmental organizations. The effort to extend the United States' Foreign Corrupt Practices Act internationally is evidence of this globalization of intolerance.

Gorta, Angela and Suzie Forell. 1994. 'Unraveling Corruption: A Public Sector Perspective: Surveys of NSW Public Sector Employees' Understanding of Corruption and their Willingness to Take Action." Sydney, Australia: Independent Commission Against Corruption (March).

The report summarizes the work of the Independent Commission Against Corruption in New South Wales, Australia. Researchers conducted a survey on the question "you can't something corrupt if it is done for the right reasons. Agree or disagree?" The report publishes the results of responses to the survey question.

Good Governance: The IMF's Role. Michel Camdessus, IMF Managing Director, Address to the United Nations Economic and Social Council July 2, 1997 (http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/exrp/govern/govindex.htm).

Gould, David J. and Jose A. Amaro-Reyes. 1983. "The Effects of Corruption on Administrative Performance: Illustrations from Developing Countries." World Bank Staff Working Papers Number 580. Washington: The World Bank.

This working paper argues that conditions in the developing world make corruption a strong problem. It notes that rapid socio-economic change, strong kinship and ethnic ties, and new institutions combined with political softness, widespread inequalities, and a state lacking legitimacy are conducive to corruption. Considering that corruption has a deleterious impact on development, the paper concludes that a political and public climate that favors impartiality and clean government is necessary for a reduction in corrupt behavior.

Gray, Cheryl W. and Danil Kaufmann. 1998. "Corruption and Development," Finance & Development, March.

The article explores the many causes of corruption and its economic costs. The results of theoretical and empirical research on corruption conducted in recent years are discussed. The authors argue against the claim that bribery can have positive effects by giving firms and individuals a means of avoiding burdensome regulations and ineffective legal systems. Corruption, they say, fuels the growth of excessive and discretionary regulations. It can be contained by economic and public sector reforms, including lowering tariffs and other barriers to international trade; eliminating enterprise subsidies; minimizing regulations, licensing requirements, and other barriers to entry for new firms and investors, demonopolizing and privatizing government assets; and transparently enforcing prudential banking regulations and auditing and accounting standards. The reform of government institutions may include civil service reform; improved budgeting, financial management, and tax administration; and strengthened legal and judicial systems. The proposed anti-corruption measures are especially valuable for developing and transition economies.

Gupta, Sanjeev; Davoodi, Hamid; Alonso-Terme, Rosa. Does Corruption Affect Income Inequality and Poverty? IMF Fiscal Affairs Department, Series: Working Paper WP/98/76

Градинаров, Борислав. 1998. Корупцията - поредното алиби на кабинета. В: "Сега", 10 септември.

Corruption as well as crime is first of all a social and economic and then an administrative, political or criminal event, the author believes. The real reasons for corruption hide in the impossibility to provide conditions for normal existence in a legal way. That is why curbing corruption by administrative measures is difficult to achieve. However, this is what the government is trying to do by using the so-called political cabinets. This act of the government has much more a propaganda effect than any real contribution to the fight against corruption.